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you owed at the end of the previous billing period.
Payments, credits, or new purchases made during the current
billing period are not taken into account. Some creditors
also exclude unpaid finance charges in computing this
balance. If you do not understand how the balance on your
account is computed, ask the card issuer. (An explanation of
how the balance was determined must appear on the billing
statements the card issuer provides you and on applications
and pre-approved solicitations the card issuer may send
you.)
The following are examples of how different methods of
calculating finance charges affect the cost of credit:
Average Daily Average Daily
Balance Balance
(including new (excluding new
purchases) purchases)
Monthly rate 1 1/2% 1 1/2%
APR 18% 18%
Previous
Balance $400 $400
New Purchases $50 $50
on 18th day on 18th day
Payments $300 $300
on 15th day on 15th day
(new balance = $100) (new balance = $100)
Average
Daily Balance $270* $250**
Finance Charge $4.05 $3.75
(1 1/2% x $270) (1 1/2% x $250)
* To figure average daily balance (including new
purchases):
($400 x 15 days) + ($100 x 3 days) + ($150 x 12 days)
divided by
30 days = $270
** To figure average daily balance (excluding new
purchases):
($400 x 15 days) + ($100 x 15 days) divided by
30 days = $250
Adjusted Balance Previous Balance
Monthly rate 1 1/2% 1 1/2%
APR 18% 18%
Previous
Balance $400 $400
Payments $300 $300
Average
Daily Balance N/A N/A
Finance Charge $1.50 $6.00
(1 1/2% x $100) (1 1/2% x $400)
Costs and Features
Credit terms differ among card issuers, so shop around for
the card that is best for you. Which one is best may depend
on how you plan to use it. If you plan to pay bills in full
each month, the size of the annual fee or other fees, and
not the periodic and annual percentage rate, may be more
important. If you expect to use credit cards to pay for
purchases over time, the APR and the balance computation
method are important terms to consider. In either case, keep
in mind that your costs will be affected by whether or not
there is a grace period.
When shopping for a credit card, you probably will want to
look at other factors besides costs -- such as whether the
credit limit is high enough to meet your needs, how widely
the card is accepted, and what services and features are
available under the plan. You may be interested, for
example, in 'affinity cards' -- all-purpose credit cards
that are sponsored by professional organizations, college
alumni associations, and some members of the travel
industry. Frequently, an affinity card issuer donates a
portion of the annual fees or transaction charges to the
sponsoring organization, or allows you to qualify for free
travel or other bonuses.
Using a Credit Card
Federal law prohibits card issuers from sending you a credit
card that you did not request. (The issuer may send you a
renewal or substitute card without a request.) Card issuers
are permitted to mail you an application or a solicitation
for a credit card or to ask you by phone whether you want to
receive a card -- and to send you one if you say yes.
Credit Card Protections
Federal law protects consumers when they use credit cards.
The protections include the following items.
Prompt Credit for Payment
A card issuer must credit your account on the day the issuer
receives your payment, unless the payment is not made
according to the creditor's requirements or the delay in
crediting to your account does not result in a charge. To
avoid delays that could result in finance charges, follow
the card issuer's instructions about where to send payments.
Payments sent to other locations could delay getting credit
for your payment for up to five days. If you lose your
payment envelope, look on the billing statement for the
address for payments or call the card issuer.
Refunds of Credit Balances
When you return merchandise or pay more than you owe, you
have the option of keeping the credit balance on your
account or requesting a refund (if the amount exceeds
$1.00). To obtain a refund, write the card issuer. The card
issuer must send you the refund within seven business days
of receiving your request. (Also, if a credit balance
remains on your account for more than six months, the card
issuer must make a good faith effort to refund the credit
balance.)
Errors on Your Bill
Federal law provides specific rules that the card issuer
must follow for promptly correcting billing errors. The card
issuer will give you a statement describing these rules when
you open the credit card account and, after that, at least
once a year. In fact, many card issuers print a summary of
your rights on each bill they send you. You must notify the
card issuer in writing at the address specified for billing
errors when you find an error, and you must do so within 60
days after the first bill containing the error was mailed to
you. (For this reason, keep your credit card receipts and
promptly compare them when your bills arrive.) In your
notification letter, include your name, your account number,
the amount of the suspected error, and the reason why you
believe that the bill contains an error. The card issuer, in
turn, must look into the problem and either correct the
error or explain to you why the bill is correct. This must
occur within two billing cycles and not later than 90 days
after the issuer receives your billing error notice. During
the period that the card issuer is investigating the error,
you do not have to pay the amount in question. (For further
information, write: 'Credit Billing Errors,' Public
Reference, Federal Trade Commission, Washington, D.C.
20580.)
Unauthorized charges
Under federal law, if your credit card is used without your
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